The land of volcanos, Indonesia is no stranger to eruption — with Mount Merapi last exploding in 2018. But there’s a bigger threat to the countries of Southeast Asia: The Lake Toba Supervolcano — the “forgotten volcano.” Lake Toba is a volcanic lake that sits on top of a huge caldera (a volcanic crater) — which is still considered to be in a stage of “resurgence.” An eruption 75,000 years ago caused a “bottleneck” effect in human development — in which the world’s population dramatically shrank — according to scientists. Conspiracy theorists say this could happen again. To add salt to the wound, as it lies in an island country, any major eruption would also likely cause a mega-tsunami.

The Hilina slump

On the south slope of Hawaii’s Big Island lies the infamous Hilina Slump — where every now and then there is a landslide that creates horrid tsunamis. According to The Independent, “there is evidence that a similar collapse at nearby Mauna Loa around 120,000 years ago generated a tsunami with a run-up height of over 400 meters. Even as recently as 1975, movement of the Hilina Slump generated a smaller, yet destructive tsunami that reached California.”

Mega hurricanes

Hurricanes Irene, Katrina, Wilma and Sandy did a number on the East and Gulf Coasts of America, causing billions of dollars in damages and claiming countless lives. To make matters worse, due to climate change, the frequency of these monster storms is expected to increase. Once a phenomenon that happened only every so often, they now occur almost every year — with worsening consequences. As coastal cities grow, the devastation is expected to increase and Science Focus cites them as one the “next big natural disasters.”

The Big One in California, Oregon and Washington

The San Andreas Fault has caused havoc and devastation in the past — and it’s predicted to do so again. The United States Geological Survey has increased the probability of the likelihood of a magnitude 8.0 or larger earthquake hitting California within the next few decades — and let’s not forget the volatile Cascadia Subduction Zone that covers most of Oregon and Washington state. Due to massive population increases in these states over the last decade — and a love of highrises in their major cities — when the Big One hits, it’s going to be bad. Real bad.

A Chilean ‘Megathrust’

Another West Coast earthquake disaster waiting to happen is in Chile, on the west coast of South America. According to volcanologist website Temblor, “it is clear to many of us that the Coquimbo region [in central Chile] has an unusual, increasing seismicity that may be preparing the area for a very large earthquake near the end of the present century.” As with the North American quake, scientists also predict the Megathrust would be accompanied by a devastating tsunami.

Rising oceans

As arctic glaciers melt at alarming speeds, scientists have predicted that “some 150 million people are now living on land that will be below the high-tide line by midcentury,” according to The New York Times. Major population areas affected by this direct result of climate change are the East and West Coasts of America, China, Thailand and almost the entire country of Vietnam. The Maldives, an island nation in the Arabian Sea, are also under serious threat as the country comprised of low lying islands is predicted to disappear entirely by 2045.

Caribbean tsunami

An unstable volcano in the Canary Islands, located off the northwestern coast of Africa, is directly threatening most of the Caribbean. According to the BBC: “Dr. Simon Day, of the Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre at University College London, UK, believes one flank of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on the island of La Palma, in the Canaries archipelago, is unstable and could plunge into the ocean.” This is expected to cause a mega tsunami which would wipe out the many island nations.

Major solar storm

In 2012, Earth narrowly missed being hit by a massive solar storm — the most powerful in over 150 years. The last major incident was in 1859, which created “intense geomagnetic storms (and causing) global telegraph lines to spark, setting fire to some telegraph offices and thus disabling the ‘Victorian Internet,’” according to NASA. Daniel Baker, of the University of Colorado, told the organization’s website, “In my view, the July 2012 storm was in all respects at least as strong as the 1859 event. The only difference is, it missed. … If it had hit, we would still be picking up the pieces.” A similar storm would be “catastrophic” — wiping out the internet and almost all communications — and cause trillions in damages.

Asteroid hits Earth

However the dinosaurs died — they’re gone — and many scientists attribute this extinction to an asteroid striking the earth. If one were to hit us today, it would have similarly devastating effects. According to How Stuff Works, “In 2028, the asteroid 1997XF11 will come extremely close to Earth but will miss the planet. If something were to change and it did hit Earth, what you would have is a mile-wide asteroid striking the planet’s surface at about 30,000 mph. An asteroid that big traveling at that speed has the energy roughly equal to a 1 million megaton bomb. It’s very likely that an asteroid like this would wipe out most of the life on the planet.”

Contagion

It used to be communicable diseases were contained by natural borders of rivers, oceans and mountains. But in the modern age, airplanes have caused these natural borders to become moot. Due to porous borders and airports, the Ebola epidemic of 2014 wiped out as many as 12,000 people and spread to several continents within months. This week, the Coronavirus that originated in China spread to Japan and Thailand. While the world is getting better at containing these outbreaks, it’s only a matter of time before one breaks through and causes global devastation.

This story originally appeared in the New York Post.